nickum



Aug. 30,1927.

' W. D. NICKUM BRAKE Filed Avril 5, 1925 2 SheetsfSheet 1 INVENTOR. l//a/pr 0, Mdm/77,

ATTORNEY.

Aug. 73o, 1927.

1W. D. NICKUM BRAKE Filed April 3 1925 y2 Sheets-Sheet 2 f2 Mvg/f ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 30, 1927.

CE M

WALTER` NICKUM, 0F LOS AflN'GrEIiILlS, CALIFORNIA.

BRAKE.

Application filed April 3, 1925. Serial No. 20,364.

This invention relates to an improvement in brakes and particularly in brakes for` automobiles or other-vehicles and the main object of the invention is to provide an improved braking device for holding the vehicle or other mechanism to which itis connected from motion in one direction while freely permitting movement in the oppo-` site direction. A further objectof the invention is to provide means yfor ensuring instantaneous release ,of the braking means when desired'. Another `object of Vthe invention is to provide improved means for control of the operation and release kof the braking means. A further object 'of the invention is to? provide convenient shifting means whereby the braking deviee may be readily controlled so as to apply-the braking action inone direction or the other.

In the operation of automobiles or other motor vehicles itis oftenv desirable to provide for holding or braking: the vehicle from motion in one direction while permitting free movement in the opposite direction. For example if it is necessary to `arrest the movement of the machine While ascending a hill it is desirable to temporarily hold the machine so that it can not move backward down the hill and at the same time hold it in readiness for starting up the hill `when desired. Thus the machine maybe parked facing up hill and if the emergency brake is used upon stopping to hold it from downward movement the resultant braking ac tion would interfere with the Vstarting ofy the machine up hill. But by providing for a brake which prevents backward movement while permitting free forward movement, the machine can be parked under such conditions without using the emergency brake and it can be immediately started forward up hill without any brake resistance. Simi larly when a machine is parked facing down hill and against a. curb so that it is Vnecessary to back out in starting the machine, it is desirable to provide for holding the machine against forward movement down hill but to enable free movement in reverse up hill to start the machine. Moreover when a machine ascends agrade,y particularly in case where there is considerable traiiic so that frequent stops and starts have to be made, a braking device whichprevents rearward movement of the machine while permitting free forward movement is especially desirable 'as it `,greatly facilitates such Y repeated stopping and starting, and eliminates the repeated use of the foot brake,` which ordinarily must be applied each time the 'car stops, and then gradually released `fas the clutch engages each time the car starts.` l

My invention i comprises in connection with a sha-ftr or rotary member, ixedvmeans provided Vwith recess means having inclined faces arranged adjacent said shaft or rotary member, grip means'or chock means adapti ed to engage between `the said inclined faces and the shaftof the rotary `member to grip the same. control means for operating said grip or chock means into or out of operative position, and spring controlled means operating upon saidfgrip means and tending to move and hold the sameto normal i. posi tion. rlhe invention further means as above described and provided with oppositely arranged inclined Afaces for engagement and release of the gripping means `in either direction of rotation and control means for the gripping means whereby the braking action can be effected ineither direc-tion, while leaving the shaft and rotary member free to turn 'in the opposite direc# tion. i f

In some cases means may also bef provided for locking ythe control means in position-t`o eect engagement ofthe gripping means in one direction orthe other, and in such `cases a further object of the invent-ion is to `prevent theft of the vehicle by an unauthorized personfa's hereinafter described. The accompanying drawings illustrate ian Vembodiment of my invention andreferring theretoz f Fig. l is a transverse section of the braking mechanism showing the grippingmeans in normal or inoperative position. ,i

Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2 in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. l showing the grippingv means in operative position.

i F ig. 3f* is ardetail view of one of the gripping members and the shiftingiingertherefor, showing in exaggerated manner the resilient action of such shifting finger to permit free rotation of the driven member in one direction. y p

Fig. i isa section on line 'aw-4 in Fig.v2. Fig. 5 is a section on line 5 5 ,inFign l. Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic vertical section of a portion of avmotorvehicle showing la manual control mea-ns'for the brakingdevice. l

comprises the transmission shaft of a motor vehicle and which may be provided with a sleeve 2 secured thereto in any suit-able manner, the exterior cylindrical surfaces of said sleeve forming one member of the braking means as hereinafter described. In some applicationsof my invention thev sleeve 2 may be either a drum or disk -suitably attached toa rotating or driven member ofthe device to which `it is applied. Mounted adjacent to and surrounding the sleeve 2 are :plates 0r disks 7 bored out as at 7 so as tolit around said sleeve and having inwardly extending amrnulartlange's 7' which abutgone another so as to form a continuous cylindrical surface surrounding` the sleeve 2 4and leaving an -annnular channel 17 between said memsbers 7 in Ywhich the controlling members .of the chocky roller devices hereinafter referred 1.to are mounted. The plates or disks 7 may be rigidlymounted in a suitable housing or casing 4 which may be secured to any suitable supportso as to be retained in a station- .ary non-rotative position, said housing or :casing 4 being for example attached to or included in thetransmission casing 5 as indicated in/Fig. 6. Adjacent to the bore 7 of the plates or disks 7 are pockets or recesses 14 suitably inclined or curved to cooperate with the gripping chocks :or rollers 13 heneinafter described. Cheek plates 56 may be provided outside lthe respective members 7 to close the respective recesses 14, at lboth ends, or the said recesses may be covered by the ends of the housing or casing 4, which may have -a cover plate@ and the members -4andvf9 of the casing and the respective plates `or disks 7 may be securedtogether by vany suitable means for example by bolts 11, so that said plate members 7 are held rigidly from rotation. The gripping means consists of `chock members preferably inthe forni of rollers or :cylinders 13 which extend parallel to the axis of the shaft 1 and Within the pockets or recesses 14 formed between the sleeve 2 4and the :faces 8 of the ,saidv recesses 14, said rollers or cylinders 13 bein-g of such diameter that they tightly engage between the periphery of the sleeve 2 and the inclined or curved faces l8 When-moved in `either direction froma norv mal or central position, but will release from tight engagement when in normal position.

The inclined or curved faces 8 of the pocketsk or recesses 14 are preferably symmetrical with respect to the certain lateral line drawn from the axis of the shaft 1 to the mid length of each recess face and converge toward the Aperiphery of sleeve 2 either way from such line so as to form two inclined faces 8 and 8b having reverse inclinations in such manner that when the gripping roller or chock 13 is at one end of the recess it will be engaged between one of the said inclined faces in one direction of movement of the sleeve v2and release in the opposite direction of movement and when the chock or roller is at lthe oppositeend of the recess it will engage with the other inclined face and the sleeve V 2 when the direction of movement is reversed.

The position of the gripping rollers or checks 13 in :the respective slots 14 are controlled by the controlling means aforesaid through the operation y of shifting fingers or members 1S, pivotally mounted by pins 19 on rings 16 which are mounted in the annular channel 17 aforesaid to rotate around the axis of the shaft 1. An intermediate ring 23 is connected by pins 24 to the rings 16 so .that the two rings 16 and the ring 23 constitute in effect `a single annular member (c) in which the shifting members 18 are pivotally mounted. Another ring 28 may also be mounted between control rings 16 and may-be ysecured thereto by pins 29. Said intermediate ring 23 has recesses 22 to receive the shifting lingers;eachrecess 22 having .offset shoulders 26 against.which rests a leaf spring 21 and the outer wall of each recess having an inward projection 27V bearing against the middle of said .spring so that the spring is retained by engagement with the projection 27 and the shoulders 26. Flanges 7ALL are recessed at 7 to permit free operation of shifting fingers 1S, and said fingers are provided with recessed portions 2OI engaging chock rollers 13 to shift the same. l Each shifting member 18 is provided'wi-th two lugs `or projections 25 at oppo site sides of its pivot, which in the normal positionA of the finger, bear on the leaf spring 21 aforesaid so as to hold the shifting finger ina central or normal position along a line extending through the center of pivot- 19 and thevcenster of shaft 1 and to thereby hold the .corresponding rollers or checks 13 in a central .position with respect to the aforesaid line in the respective slot 14in which position it is free from engage ment with both of the inclined faces of said slot. By moving the shiftingfingers 18 one way or another from this normal Aposition the rollers or checks 13 may be moved into engagement with one or the other of the said inclined faces 8.

For moving the control rings 16 and the parts carried Lthereby in order to set'or release the brake in either direction any suitable means may be provided, but in case of application of the invention to a motor vehicle I prefer to use manual control devices accessible from the drivers seat for example yas shown in Figs. 6 and 7, and I have illustrated in Figs. l to 5 an eccentric means fil) around the axislofshaft 1.

for effecting the required angular movement of the control rings 16 for effecting the setting1 and releasing operation, such eccentric being-connected and operated by the manual control means above referred to. In this embodiment of my invention the eccentric .indicated at is mounted on a rock shaft 31, which is mounted to turn in bearing 32 in the casing a and in one or both of the plates or disks 7 said Veccentric being adapted to engage cheeks or faces 33 on plates 34: which extend between the control rings 16 and are secured thereto by pins 35 so that motion of said plates around the axis of shaft 1 results in similar motion of the controlling` rings 16 and of the parts carried thereby. The rock shaft 31 passes through A.one of the control rings 16 which is slottedy as shown at 36 to enable angular movement of said control ring 1n case it is desired to provide for locking the actuating eccentric 3()` in normal position this may be effected by any suitable means, for example by pins 38 sliding in bores 39 in respective cheek plates 34 and operated by springs 40 so as to cause the inner end of each pinto engage in a recess 11 in the periphery of the eccentric 30.

The operation of the rock shaft 31 in one direction or the other effects by the means above described, the setting or release of the brake, and to effect such operation I may provide any suitable means for example as shown in Figs. 2, 6, and 7, said roclr shaft may be provided with sheaves 44 secured thereto and having cable lines L15 and 46 secured to the respective sheaves and winding` thereon in opposite directions, said cable lines passing over suitable guide rolls 17, and through a guide tube f1.8 mounted for example on the steering post 4:9, and being connected at their` furthery ends to an operating handle mounted on the steeringl post. The cable lines l5 and 46 may, as shown, be constituted by the two end portions of a single cable which extends around and is secured to a pulley 51 connected to operating handle 50.

he operation of the above described braking device is as follows:

l/Vith the parts in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the gripping rolls 13 are in iimi'ierative or neutral position. That is to say each roll is at the mid-point of the corresponding inclined or curved face 8 and shaft 1 and sleeve 2 are therefore free to turn in either direction without retardation by the gripiiiing means, since in this position the rolls 13 will rotate freely in either direction. lilith the parts in this position the operating handle 50 is also in neutral or intermediate position as shown in Fig. 6. if it is now desired to bring the braking devico 'into operation so as to check or prevent movement of shaft 1 and sleeve 2 in one di rection or the other, operating handle 50 is moved in the proper direction, for example to the position indicated at 50 `in Fig. 6. The movement of handle 50 to this position operates through cable 45' and cor responding sheave i4 to turn rock shaft 31 in a counter cloclnwise direction (in Figs.

1 andv 2), and to `thereby cause eccentric V30 to engage plate 34. andy rotate the controlling` rings 16 together with the shiftingV .Vingers 18 carried thereby to the position shown in Fig. 3. Ring' 28 may be cut away as at A53 to permitA such motion of eccentric 30 and the recesses l11 in said eccentric must be sufficiently shallow to pen. mit pins 38 to be pushed out ofsaid recesses upon operation of the manual control means, so as to permit such movement. The ring 23 is also cut away orrecessed as at .511 to permit eccentric 'member 30. to enter therein, and it will be observed that when` theV parts are in operative positions as shown .in Fig..

3 the eccentric member 30 has been moved past `dead center with respect to the left hand plate 34C so the pressure of said plate serves to hold said eccentric member in this.` position. iff desiredhowever in ordei1 to further ensure that eccentric member 30 will remain in this position the plates 34 may brought into engagement with one of the inclined portions 8fL or 8b of the correspond-V ingmchned faces 8, so as lto be gripped ben tween said inclined faces and sleeve 2 upon `rotation of said sleeve in one direction, but

to be moved sufficiently out of tight engagement upon rotation of said sleeve in the other direction to permit free rotation there of. In the case illustrated in Fig. 3 in which checks 13 are in contact with inclined faces 8a shaft 1 and sleeve 2 are free to turn in the direction indicated by the arrow in such figure, for upon movement in such direction the friction of sleeve 2 against gripping chocks 13 causes said chocks and shifting fingers 18 to be swung about the pivots 19 against the resilient force of springs 21 as indicated at in Fig. 3a, so asto move said gripping checks out of tight engagement with said inclined faces 8` and thus permit said `checks to rotate andi permit rotation of sleeve 2. When the rotation of shaft 1 and the sleeve 2 in the direction of free rotation is stopped, the resilient *force of the leaf springs 21 on the respective lugs or projections 25 of the shifting lingers 18 causes the said shifting fingers 18to.` force` 'engagement of choclrs 13y between inclined face Stand sleeve 2, although causing little, if any perceptible motion of said chocls from the positions which they occupy when the shaft is stationary. As long` as operating handle 50f remains in this position therefore the vehicle will be free to: move in one Jdirection, for example forward, but wil1I bek in the reverse dioiieratinsg handle 5G prevented: from mover recti'on. 'The return or to intei-n'iediate position ll immediately restore the device to neutral pofszition and again permit tree rotation oi the sha'lt in either fdirection so as lto permity the ve hicle to move either `'forward or bach- Ward. Y C

It will of' course be understood that movement of operating handle in the other direction will rotate the eccentric member 30 in the opposite direction, and will cause cont-rolling rings 16 with the grippi means carried thereby to be sliii''ted in a clock-wise direction about the anis ot shatt l, and` bring said gripping; checks 13 into engagement with the opposite inclined por-- tionsS" ol'f inclined or curved laces S, so as to exert a reverse chocling` or brahin-g` et feet to that above described. fly manipulation of opera-ting,v handle 50 thereior the ldevice may be immediately shifted so as to be converted from a brale adag ed to permit forward movement while kpreventing` reare ward movement to a brake adapted to permit rearward movement while proventinetoiIn ward movement, or may be immediately shifted from either of these positions to neutral so as to permit tree n'ioveinent in either direction.

The above described brakingY device may be' applied not only to thel drive shalt or other drive member ot an automobile or other motor vehicle for the purposes abow set forth, but n'iay be applied in connection with any rotatingor rotatably mount-er shaft or driven member.

They device may also be used as a means i'or locking' the vehicle against movements in one direction or the other, and prelierablv against forward movement, when leaving thev same, in order to prevent the'lt thereof.

. It will befevident that with the brake deany consiera-ble distance without arousing suspicion. For this purpose the manual control pulley lor grooved wh-eel 5l may be provided, as shown in Fig 8, with suitable locking means 57 controlling a bolt 58 adapted tovv enter within recesses 59 in a casing (30 whenl the control lever 50 is moved' to either operative position, said casing` GO beine rigidly mounted at the side of the steering-post or in other convenient position. lt, will of course be understood' thatl in this casel it will also be desirable to entirely enclose -cab-le lines l and 4G tliroughout their length, aswell as slfieaves lil as tof prevent tai'nperilng with any part ot the control means.

The above-described' braking device is not limited to use with automobiles or other veicles, butmay advantageen-sly be used in co nection with mine hoists or elevators, the purpose beingr in this case to permit :tree upwarril movement while preventingl downwardmowmeut iin case ot accident, and also to l'sable-the device to be operated! to permit such downward movement when desired. For this purpose the device may be applied to a rotatingl member of the mechanism, i lexample, to the shaft of the windingdrum ot a cable operated hoist.

I claim 5' l. A chock brake means comprising, in combination with a rotatably mounted drivci "member, a rigidly mounted operating membe having;l recess means with reversely in vlim-rd surfaces mounted around and adjacent to the periphery of said driven member, f-hoclr means. within said recess means, a ou rol member rotatably i'nounted in said operato member and having pivotally 1:lient shilit means engaging said means so as to' movev id chock means l ,recom nu s upon rotation of said iol member, and means 'toi rotatingA sai-di l member into position to bring saidv means into engagement with either oit said reversely inclined' surfaces of l rercsf-i i' sans or into an interi'nediate ition in v-hfich said chock means are out nent with both ot said' reversely surfaces and for holding said con- ,l member in any one of said? positions to 'ch it is moved.

' chock brake means comprising` in coinbination with a rotatably mounted driven .member, a rigidly mounted operating monili-er havi" recesses with reversely inclinedsurliacm mounted around and adja cent to the periphery ot' said rotatably oriven member, chock rollers mountedv in said recesses and parallel to the aX-is of said driven member, a control member rotatably mountedv in an annular channel in said operatiue` member having pivotal-ly mounted resiliently operated shift members adapted to engage and movably control the position ot said chock rollers in said reversely inclined recesses, and means for rotatably lll) v driven member,

need-ee? in t5? combination with a rotatably mounted driven member, a rigidly mounted operating member having recesses with. reversely 1nclined surfaces disposed around 'andadja cent to the periphery of said rotatable chock `rollers movably mounted in said recesses and parallel to t-he axis of said driven member, control member rotatably mounted in an annular channel in said operating member and having pivotally mounted resiliently operated shift members adapted to engage and resiliently control the position of said chock rollers in said reversely inclined recesses, means for rotatably moving and resi. iently locking the said control member and the said resiliently operated shift members pivotally mounted thereon into position to canse said chock rollers to be engaged between one or the other of said reversely inclinedsurfaces and the periphery of said driven member or to cause said chock rollers to be free of such low free movement between said chock roll-,

ers and said driven member in one direction of rotation but will immediately force the said chock rollers into tight engagement between said inclined surfaces and the pe" riphery of said driven member when the rotation of the driven member in this direction is stopped, thereby preventing` reverse rotation of said driven member.

4l. A brake means comprising a driven shaft, a sleeve thereon, means rigidly mounted around and adjacent to said sleeve, said rigidly mounted means being formed with an annular channel and with recesses adjacent said sleeve and having two reversely inclined faces, chock rollers mounted in said recesses, a controlling member mounted to turn in said annular channel and resilient shift members carried by said control member and adapted to englge said chock rollers to shift same into engy gement with one or the other of said inclined faces, a locking operating member mounted to turn said control member in said annular channel so as to move said chock rollers alternatively into engagement between said inclined faces and the periphery of said sleeve andthereby i prevent a forward or reverse movementV of the driven shaft.

fr chock brake means comprising in combinaticn.a` driven member, means rigidly mounted around and adjacent to said d viren. nien'iber, sind rigidly mounted `means b ingfforined with an annular channel fand with rer'-L adjacent said drivenV member and having reversely vinclined. faces, chock rollers mounted in said recesses, a controlling member mounted to turn in said annular channel and `resilient shift members carried by said control member and adapted toen- Vgaee said chock rollers to shift same into `0jement between one or the other of Said driven member, a locking operating member mounted to turn said control member in said annular channel into position'to bring said chock rollers into engagement between one or the other of said inclined faces and the periphery of said driven member, and means for locking said operating member and the said control member in either of said positions so as to prevent rotation of said driven member in one direction.

6. A device for preventing motion of motor vehiciss by unauthorized persons in one direction or the other comprising, in combination with a rotatably mounted memberincluded in the drive mechanism of a motor vehicle in such manner as to rotate in one direction during forward motion of said vehicle and in the other direction durreverse motion of said vehicle, chock brake means having chock members movable into position to engage said rotatable member either in such position with respect to said brake means as to permit forward motion of the'vehicle while preventing reverse motion thereof or in such position as `to 'permit reverse motion while preventing versely inclined surfaces mounted aroundy and adjacent to the periphery of said driven member, chock means within said recess means. a control member rotatably mounted in said operating member and having pivotally mounted resilient shift means engaging said chock means and adapted to move same upon rotation of said control member in one directioner thel other, into engageinel ed faces and the periphery of said ment with one or the other of said reversely inclined surfaces of said recessmeans, and means for rotating said control member so 'as Ito bring said chockmeans into either' one or the other of said engaging positions and for holding the same in either of such positions.

8. A chock brake means comprising, in Acombination with e rotatably mounted driven member', u rigidly mounted operating member having recesses with reversely inclined surfaces mounted around and adjacent to the periphery of said driven member, chock rollers mounted in said recesses and vparallel to :the axis of said driven member 7 `an annular chnnel inv said operating member, ,a control member rotatably mount- 15 edin :said annular channel and having piv- 1.,64o, se?

otally mounted resilient shil't members 'adapted to engage andmovztbly control the position of said chock rollers in said recesses, and means for rotatably moving and holdingthe said control member in such 'manner as to cause said resilient shift members to move and hold said chock rollers into engagementbetween either rene or the other of the reversely inclined surfaces of .the respective recesses and the periphery of seid driven member.

In testimonywhereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 26th day of Merch,

' VALTER D. NICKUM. 

